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20 YEARS
OF CHARTER ACTIVISM
The 20th anniversary
of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, introduced on April 17, 1982,
was celebrated at a conference held at the Ottawa Congress Centre
from April 17 to 20, 2002. The celebration, of course, was undertaken
by those who have successfully used the Charter, with the support
of the nine appointed judges on the Supreme Court, to push their
own special interest agendas.
This conference
was in large part, paid for by the taxpayers, via the feminist-dominated
federal Department of Justice and Canadian Heritage (the domain
of Sheila Copps). The Association of Canadian Studies, the Canadian
Bar Association and the John Humphrey Centre, however, also assisted
with the conference. The conference planners selectively invited
as speakers, with only one or two exceptions, those who have benefited
from this top-down rule by the Supreme Court of Canada.
One of the
exceptions to this arbitration of the Charter was Edmonton lawyer
and constitutional scholar, Dale Gibson, who frankly stated that
the key legal decisions of the court were not based on legal doctrine,
but on the "values we are not told about," i.e., the judge's
own personal views. Another Edmonton lawyer, Rita Khullar, bluntly
stated that the Charter was a political document and that lawyers
should think real politics. (Is there something about western Canadians
which is mightily different from the eastern elites in their thinking?)
Certainly the majority of speakers at the conference did not support
the comments of these two westerners.
Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court, Beverly McLachlin spoke at the opening banquet
where she stated, "There are only a few things that are so
deeply ingrained in the fabric of our national consciousness: hockey,
medicare and the Charter of Rights." Indicative of Charter
fever, within 48 hours, Judge McLachlin was misquoted by a speaker
at the conference as having said that the Charter is the only thing
ingrained in the Canadian consciousness!
Federal Justice
Minister Martin Cauchon (Outremont, Quebec) and Minister of Labour,
Secretary of State for Multiculturalism and the Status of Women,
Claudette Bradshaw (Moncton-Riverview-Dieppe, NB) were enthusiastic
keynote speakers. Mr. Cauchon referred to the Charter as the "great
societal conversation." Ms. Bradshaw spoke of "equal rights
for all people," equality of the sexes and how Canadians value
their diversity.
A few said
the Charter was undemocratic, but most praised it as representative
of Canadian values and aspirations. To some, the Charter was a "project,"
others referred to "Charter doctrine." Charter enthusiasts
bristled at accusations of "judicial activism." Promoters
of the Charter depended heavily on historical revisionism to paint
pre-Charter Canada as ignorant and hateful. Those with special interests
relative to language, ethnicity, immigration, race, gender, the
monarchy and crime, all had their say.
Feminists
Use Charter as a Tool
Feminist lawyers
who were present tended to demonize pre-Charter Canada and glorify
post-Charter changes. Some lumped Canada in with third world countries
as being in need of "transformation," prior to the Charter.
The Canadian Bill of Rights, which included reference to the position
of the family in society, was referred to with contempt.
Sondra Gibbons,
the LEAF (the legal arm of the feminist movement) spokesperson at
the conference, claimed that there have been 140 equality cases
since the Charter. To LEAF, the Charter is about "profound
social change through legal means." She said that LEAF is "a
counterweight to a Parliament that is not representative.
The
Charter is a tool we have to use and we have to have the vision
to expand the application of it." She added that the entrenchment
of Section 15 in the Charter gave women "the broadest guarantees
anywhere in the world." She criticized the conference for lack
of inclusiveness with regard to what feminists have done since the
Charter. LEAF's Gibbons stated, "Women's [feminist's] greatest
fear is the loss of the Charter. It would be tantamount to a death
sentence." Little wonder, since LEAF, through generous funding
of the Secretary of State, Women's Program and the feminist-operated
Court Challenges Program, has made enormous changes to the fabric
of Canadian society through the courts, which it could never have
achieved through Parliament.
Feminist Professor
Lorraine Weinrib of the University of Toronto Law School called
for a rejection of the past and a welcoming of a "new constitutional
order."
We must "clean
the statute books of the old order," she stated. She urged
Canadians to embrace the "Charter revolution."
In a lively
presentation, Justice Rosalie Abella of the Ontario Court of Appeal,
(See Reality, May/June 2000, "The Feminist Canaries
are Singing Again," p.1) noted that the "rights"
business is booming and there is more than enough to go around.
She characterized Supreme Court Chief Justices Brian Dickson and
Bertha Wilson as the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers of the Charter.
Supreme Court
Justice Frank Iacobucci, personally involved in drafting the federal
Employment Equity Act, Environmental Protection Act and the Multiculturalism
Act, spoke of "constitutional supremacy" and mentioned
the important role of intervenors as being "absolutely essential
in the early years of the Charter." Morris Rosenberg, Deputy
Minister, Department of Justice stated that the Constitution is
"the supreme law of Canada... what is inconsistent with it
is of no force or effect."
Charter
"Evolution" is Global
Supreme Court
Justice Michel Bastarache said that we are witnessing "a fundamental
change in the role of the courts" as a result of the Charter
and that "the respective roles of the courts, legislatures
and executive powers have been redefined." The Charter has
"revolutionized our legal system" and developed a "new
culture of rights." He characterized Charter reform as an evolution
which is global and initiated by the UN Declaration of Human Rights.
The Charter is "the result of an international trend,"
he stated.
Forgotten
at the Celebration
The Charter
fallout relative to the rights of the unborn, recent child pornography
rulings, controversial hate laws, euthanasia, and attacks on the
status of marriage, were lightly glossed over. The many claims that
the Charter "protects the rights of the most helpless and vulnerable
in our society" sounded hypocritical in light of the shortcomings
of Canadian law brought by the court decisions under the Charter.
Charter impact on the religious roots of culture and on the family
as the basic unit of society, did not emerge as topics that were
considered worthy of inclusion at this celebration conference on
the 20th anniversary of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The
choice of speakers and topics indicates that the promising liberal
mindset of 20 years ago has changed into a non-liberal defence of
the status quo.
Former Newfoundland
Premier, Brian Peckford, Exposes the Truth
Twenty years
after the Charter was entrenched in the Constitution, former Newfoundland
premier, Brian Peckford, one of the negotiators of the Charter,
finally has spoken out. In a speech given in Vancouver on May 30,
2002, Mr. Peckford spoke out strongly against the Supreme Court
of Canada which, he said, has gone too far in its expansive interpretation
of the Charter. He stated (The Lawyers Weekly, June 14, 2002)
that the Court's actions go "beyond what I would consider legitimately
acceptable." He went on to say that "he didn't think the
top court would go as far as it has in many of its judgments. Being
the guardian of individual rights and freedoms is one thing, but
actually entering the field of law-making or policy-making through
the adjudication provisions of the Charter is quite another."
No truer words
on the Charter have ever been spoken.
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