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CONTROLLING THE INTERNET - THE NEXT CHAPTER
The UN, filled with excess numbers of pilfering,
incompetent bureaucrats, is always short of money. It hates
the fact that it has to rely for its income on the dues paid
by its member nations - a source of income that is not always
reliable. It also resents the fact that 22% of its income
is donated by the US with whom UN bureaucrats are frequently
at odds.
As a result, the UN has been looking for an
alternative source of income. It thought it had found it.
The idea was to acquire control of the Internet. This would
give it a thousand ways to raise money. For example, Internet
users could be required to pay a tax merely to find an Internet
provider. Then the provider would tax every transaction. Purchasing
an appliance via the Internet could require a Value Added
Tax (VAT) awarded to the UN. When one asks driving directions
or a weather forecast for a city to which one plans to fly,
or when one helps grandchildren with their homework, taxes
could be required to be paid to the UN and its work. Secretary
General Kofi Annan and France's President, Jacques Chirac,
have long dreamt of a global "solidarity" tax online
such as this. The plan, however, had one complication in that
the Internet was created in the United States initially as
a Pentagon project in the late 1960's and early 1970's for
military intelligence purposes. Since the US Department of
Defense has funded much of the Internet's early development,
it therefore is, technically, the property of the US. which
controls the dispensation of IP addresses and domain names
and 10 of the Internet's 13 root servers.
Internet Still in its Infancy
Initially, as stated above, the Internet was
developed by the US Department of Defense for military purposes
only. In the late 1980's, it began to be used for higher education
purposes. By 1990, the general public began to use the Internet.
Not a day goes by when the Internet somehow is not improved.
For example, the invention of search engines alone was a monumental
achievement. The potential for the Internet is merely beginning.
It is at the stage now that television was in 1956. There
is no question either that the Internet has enormous significance
for the global economy.
It's not that the US completely controls the
Internet. Rather this is done through the California based,
impossibly named, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN), formed in 1998 by the US to handle the
Internet's daily operations under an advisory committee, which
has representatives from more than 100 countries.
The US nonetheless retains veto power over
ICANN's decisions although there are just 3 Americans on ICANN's
15 member Board of Directors. The US government set up the
non-profit ICANN specifically to keep government out of the
Internet, on the basis that a more responsive, and private
sector is better suited to operate the Internet. ICANN, however,
explicitly does not oversee the content of the Internet
- a job that the UN would be only too happy to assume. ICANN
administers the "root zone file" the master list
of all Web addresses world-wide, which the US has kept since
the creation of the Internet. Its job then is to keep track
of which Web sites are assigned to which electronic addresses.
Ensuring that any given Web address or domain name is assigned
to only one Web site is a key reason why the Internet has
become such a powerful tool.
Canada, Japan and Australia support this approach.
Undaunted, however, the UN has established a forty-nation
committee to encourage the US to hand ownership of the Internet
over to the UN.
The argument used to urge the US to relinquish control of
the Internet is that no country ought to be the ultimate authority
over such a vital part of the global economy. Also there is
some indication that some nations feel discomfort that the
US, as the world's only superpower, has the power to take
unilateral action over the Internet. This fear intensified
in August when the US government asked ICANN to table or put
off an initiative to add a new domain name for pornography
in Web sites. ICANN had tentatively approved the new domain
name, called .xxx, but at the last minute, the Department
of Commerce removed its support, based on thousands of letters
of complaint it had received from conservative Christian groups
and others.
Rethinking about the Internet has also arisen
in part because of its global growth and growing importance
in many areas. Widely available to the public and for commercial
purposes in the past decade, the Internet now has close to
a billion users. It has become a critical means for conducting
business, as well as for receiving services, such as video
and phoning so that its importance cannot be underestimated.
The economic and social strength of the Internet
today, however, derives from its open and decentralized structure,
which enables access to users anywhere in the world. If governments
began to create their own distinct Internets, this would undermine
the essence of what makes the Internet so powerful.
US Showdown Over the Internet
The showdown between the UN and the US over
the Internet took place at the UN 's World Summit on the Information
Society held in Tunisia November 15 - 16, 2005.
There was also something else at stake at
this meeting than merely money for the UN. What was at stake
was the chilling impact on the use of the Internet for the
free flow of information. Not surprisingly, some of the loudest
opponents to the American control of the Internet have been
China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Cuba. In fact China now intentionally
blocks Internet free speech from its people. It is a crime
in China to download information from free-speech web sites.
The Chinese government employs 40,000 full time technicians
to monitor and block out free-speech web sites and certain
other media.
The UN had argued that it would respect freedom
of expression if it controlled the Internet. It claimed that
one of its key principles would be to "respect the cultural
and linguistic diversity as well as tradition [and] religion"
and would provide "multilingual, diverse and culturally
appropriate content." But who will decide whether content
is culturally or otherwise "appropriate"? Today,
no one. But tomorrow the UN! We already know that the UN does
not respect culture and religion since it has attempted to
establish policies at conference after conference to subvert
religion and culture so that they are secondary to other "prior"
rights such as "the right to abortion" and "homosexual
rights." Control over the Internet will only enable the
UN to impose control of these "rights" with no opposing
voices allowed.
US Retains Control Over the Internet
It was a relief that the US won its bid at
the UN conference in Tunisia, in November 2005, to retain
control over the Internet. This means ICANN will remain in
charge of the computer systems that control the free flow
of information.
Unfortunately, Washington doesn't hold all the cards here.
Countries can create parallel Internets. The same Web address
might take users in China and the US to different Web sites.
This would be a nightmare outcome for online business as well
as the vibrant marketplace of ideas that the Internet has
fostered. For now, at least, the matter is still under control,
but for how long?
Maurice Strong Moving on the Internet
Maurice Strong is a Canadian who is a global
gadfly - especially at the UN. He was Secretary General of
the UN Conference on the Environment in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro.
He and his associate Mikhail Gorbachev among others developed
the Earth Charter, which they hope will replace the 1948 Declaration
of Human Rights. This Charter includes reproductive (abortion)
rights for women and human rights including homosexual rights
and special protection for the environment etc. Mr. Strong
is a powerful advocate of the left wing and dreams about imposing
on the whole world all the policies set out in his Earth Charter.
Consequently, Mr. Strong and other left wing
activists have recently decided to move in on the Internet
by establishing "ManyOne" Networks for a new, whiz-bang
3-D platform for the "digital Universe". The technology
for it however is still in development. The guiding document
for the proposed network is Strong's Earth Charter. According
to his plans, the technology for "ManyOne" will
allow one to soar over the Earth or through the solar system
and then click on the topic one wishes to know more about.
Sounds great, except when you get down to who provides the
information.
"ManyOne", according to the company's
blurb, sent out in January, "has been carefully designed
with socially responsible ownership, governance and advisory
architecture to ensure that it can play a pivotal role in
the ethical revolution of the Internet and the World Wide
Web".
This is alarming coming from Mr. Strong. "ManyOne"
plans to access myriad portals put out by NGO and government
organizations that are working for "positive social and
environmental change". That is, the left wing ideological
zealots will be doing the writing and editing of the new technology.
The "ethical" claims of "ManyOne"
are somewhat undermined by Mr. Strong's involvement in Iraq's
Oil for Food affair. He has lately disappeared into China
but will certainly return in order to pursue his vision of
a new world order by way of the Internet.
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